Understanding the factors that shape the market of ISO 15189 accredited clinical laboratories and how opportunities emerge.

The medical testing market is a small but critical part of a country’s healthcare services. By offering testing and diagnostic services, medical testing laboratories support a variety of other medical practitioners by making them able to better treat or prevent illnesses in their patients. In this highly specialised field, accreditation to ISO 15189 testifies to the technical competence of clinical laboratories and conformity to international standards.

What is Medical Testing?

Medical testing is the assessment of specimens in a laboratory in order to better diagnose or treat patients. Accreditation includes conforming to quality management, technical, as well as safety and ethical standards.

The ISO 15189 standard, however, does not have especially high uptake in Latin America. Not only is the standard not mandatory, but other competing international standards are available to medical testing laboratories. The result is that, within Latin America, ISO 15189 accredited laboratories typically represent less than 1% of the total population of medical laboratories.

Despite this, the number of laboratories maintaining ISO 15189 accreditation is rapidly growing among certain types of facilities. We find that the need for international recognition is a critical driver when it comes to unmandated uptake of ISO 15189 accreditation. Ultimately, however, widespread use of ISO 15189 will depend on future regulation or incentives, as evidenced by countries like France.

ISO 15189: Limited uptake in Latin America

Government intervention plays a key role in the uptake of ISO 15189. At this time, only a few countries including Australia, Latvia, France, and the Netherlands, mandate accreditation to ISO 15189. For such countries, mandatory accreditation allows medical testing laboratories to become a key pillar of the healthcare system since the standards are highly technical and laboratories undergo regular audit.

Lacking such government intervention, however, laboratories often seek other, less burdensome forms of accreditation or no accreditation at all. Among the tens of thousands of medical testing laboratories in Latin America, only 111 are accredited to ISO 15189. In any given country, ISO 15189 accredited laboratories account for less than 1% of the total laboratories. Part of the reason for this low uptake is the fact that accreditation is not mandated and that medical testing laboratories often opt for other ISO standards which, though less sector specific, also attest to the quality of the laboratory.

ISO 15189 is a particularly stringent standard in that it uses quality management systems similar to ISO 9001, and testing standards similar to ISO 17025, but also contains additional technical standards specific to medical testing laboratories. Without regulation mandating use of ISO 15189, medical testing laboratories have some leeway in terms of how they attest to the quality of their work while still using internationally recognized standards.

Aspiring to be recognised internationally appears to be the main reasons for getting accredited

Given that accreditation to ISO 15189 is not mandatory, and less stringent alternatives are available, medical testing laboratories within Latin America are a unique group. Though they might typically offer the same types of services as unaccredited laboratories, ISO 15189 accreditation affirms a higher degree of competence. In examining the sum of the accredited medical testing laboratories in Latin America, Sector & Segment has been able to identify the key characteristics of accredited bodies in the region.

ISO 15189 accredited medical testing laboratories are predominantly national firms. That is to say they only operate within a single country. Out of all of the accredited laboratories examined, only one was a global firm: Quest Diagnostics operating in Mexico. It is likely that for firms such as Quest Diagnostics seeking to expand globally, ISO 15189 accreditation helps to build a strong reputation and meet both local and global standards.

Accredited medical testing laboratories also tend to offer services to the market rather than simply for internal use. This makes sense, as non-mandatory accreditation largely serves as a tool for demonstrating competency and technical expertise to clients or external parties. In a small minority of cases, however, internally-oriented laboratories also stand to benefit from accreditation since it helps testifies to the overall credibility within an institution or company.

Much more variety exists within the types of services offered by these accredited laboratories. While the majority of accredited laboratories focus on offering services in the field of medical testing (which belongs to the broader field of TIC, “testing, inspection, and certification”), 44% engage in a wider variety of business. In the case of laboratories, this could mean offering hospital or non-test related research services.

Within medical testing services available, most ISO 15189 accredited laboratories ultimately specialize in a few key medical areas. On average, accredited laboratories in Latin America offer services in four medical areas. Most commonly, those are the core commercial areas in medical testing: Clinical Chemistry, Haematology and Coagulation, Immunology, Immunochemistry and Endocrinology, and Urinalysis.

The number of medical areas that laboratories operate across varies significantly by country, along with the number of test methods used and tests executed. Mexico’s medical testing laboratories, for example, on average cover 4 medical areas, 28 test methods and 58 tests. Whereas Ecuador’s laboratories cover 2 medical areas, 20 test methods, and 27 tests.

Because uptake of ISO 15189 is limited in most countries, it is hard to draw any conclusions. Uruguay has only one accredited laboratory, but it covers 6 medical areas and conducts more than 70 tests. In examining accredited medical testing markets in Latin America, each country has to be examined individually in order to fully understand its needs and opportunities.

What makes accredited laboratories stand out from non-accredited laboratories?

Because Mexico is host to the most developed market of accredited ISO 15189 laboratories, it gives us a broader indication of how accredited laboratories are distinct from other laboratories, and what the motivating factors might be for attaining accreditation. We find that accredited laboratories in Mexico tend to be far larger than those that are not accredited, and also more likely to be publicly run.

The vast majority of medical testing laboratories in Mexico are small operations. 94% of laboratories in Mexico have fewer than 10 employees. In comparison, accredited laboratories tend to be much larger – only 27% of accredited laboratories have fewer than 10 employees. Furthermore, 13% of accredited laboratories have more than 250 employees. These larger organizations stand to benefit more from accreditation since they can spread the cost of accreditation over business, improve their reputation, and standardize management practices and technical competencies across a large number of laboratories.

Accredited laboratories in Mexico are also much more likely to be publicly run. 13% of accredited laboratories are public compared to only 1% of all laboratories in Mexico. This is likely because accreditation is often closely tied to government regulation and is driven by the government’s aim of improving domestic quality. In the case of Mexico, the Mexican norm NMX-EC-15189-IMNC, which establishes the ISO 15189 standard locally, was put into place in 2005 and has been promoted as a way of improving quality ever since. As such, public entities are likely expected to cooperate in the drive towards standardization and higher standards.

In countries with less developed markets, accredited laboratories tend to be elite institutions and points of reference for other laboratories and organizations in the country. In Uruguay, for example, the only ISO 15189 accredited laboratory claims to serve over 80 institutions across Uruguay. As the only ISO 15189 accredited laboratory in Uruguay, it is able to distinguish itself from all other medical testing laboratories in the country.

In some cases, these laboratories also provide services internationally or aim to have international recognition in a particular field. In such cases, laboratories are able to leverage their ISO 15189 accreditation to support that image. In Brazil, for example, one of the country’s 3 accredited laboratories is the Mendelics Analise Genomica SA, which aims to be recognised as a global reference for genetic diagnostics and interpretation.

ISO 15189 is growing in popularity in Latin America

Although ISO 15189 remains a voluntary standard across Latin America, the number of laboratories has shown significant growth in the last five years. Between 2013 and 2018, the number of laboratories in Latin America grew by a CAGR of 21%.

In cases such as Ecuador and El Salvador, an accredited medical testing market only emerged recently. In 2013 neither country had any ISO 15189 accredited bodies but by 2018 they had 8 and 2 accredited bodies respectively. Argentina, which evidenced the strongest growth in the examined years, went from having 1 accredited body to 11.

Most of the laboratories being accredited are not seeking to generate a reputation in highly specialised fields. Instead they are focusing on core medical areas such as Clinical Chemistry, Haematology, and Immunology, Immunochemistry, and Endocrinology. We find that medical areas which are most common also tend to be some of the fastest growing within Latin America. This shows that within the relatively young Latin American market, demand is primarily for highly competent laboratories that can perform staple medical tests.

This growth is a testament to the increasing popularity of the standard across Latin America. Although accredited laboratories remain a small proportion of the total number of laboratories, larger laboratories, especially those seeking some form of international recognition, are turning to ISO 15189 accreditation. Wider uptake, however, will likely require some form of government regulation or incentive.

Sector & Segment are committed to continue tracking the evolution of the regulation and ISO 15189 accreditation uptake over time.

Driven by new technical regulations and improved surveillance of existing ones, the Energy end-user sector in Mexico is a key growth area for firms engaged in the accredited inspection industry. Both accredited inspection firms as well as equipment suppliers stand to benefit from this rapid ongoing change.

A Revolution in the Mexican Energy Infrastructure

The increased demand for the services of accredited Energy inspection companies and associated equipment suppliers began in 2013 with the liberalization of the Mexican energy market. This historic change allowed hundreds of private investors and companies to enter the market but also demanded new regulation to manage risks and support public outcomes. In this new environment, accredited Energy inspection firms play a crucial role in ensuring new quality standards and regulations are being met.

Market liberalization inspired conversation about the future of Energy regulation in Mexico and continues to shape the market today. Topics such as licensing, renewables, energy infrastructure, among others, are being reviewed by Mexico’s Ministry of Energy with the aim of developing more forward-looking energy policy and regulation.

Opportunities in Energy inspection

Opportunities for conformity assessment bodies focused on Energy will span a variety of associated environments and industries. In order to raise standards and prepare Mexican infrastructure for the future, the Mexican government is turning to technical regulations and standards as a means of enforcement (see table).

In many cases this will require accredited Energy inspection bodies that can certify quality and conformity in products, processes, and installations. In the case of transportation, for example, the expected need for electric vehicles charging stations will come with two new opportunities: inspections of the installations and of the energy providing system (legal metrology).

Demand continues to outstrip supply in Energy Inspection

Although the cost of Energy inspection is high, the market remains unable to keep up with the demand for accredited Energy inspection firms. This is especially true for inspections concerning electrical interconnections and natural gas in which there are only a few bodies available to meet the hundreds annual of inspection requests.

In the case of inspections of electrical interconnections, the number of bodies providing inspections is insufficient to meet the number of requests from industry. As it stands, there are 10 inspection units that must provide for nearly 800 requests for inspection per year. Furthermore, the number of requests for inspection of interconnection is expected to continue growing at 4% per year.

In the case of natural gas, the number of inspection bodies nearly meets demand, but the number of requests for inspection in this field is expected to increase rapidly in coming years. In Mexico there are currently only 15 inspection bodies accredited to the NOM-001-SECRE-2010 natural gas standards. Unless these bodies manage to significantly increase their capabilities, this number will have to grow rapidly to meet the 10-20% growth in demand expected over the next six years.[1]

More to come

Demand for accredited Energy inspection firms and associated equipment suppliers is unlikely to diminish in the near future. Sector & Segment expects the number of technical regulations focused on energy to continue growing as the Mexican Ministry of Energy implements the energy transition strategy, energy reforms, new regulations and new technical standards. As these changes are implemented, demand for accredited Energy inspection firms and OEMs will increase as a way of ensuring quality and conformity.

Assessing drivers of growth in the Peruvian ISO 17020 inspection market and implications for Latin America.

Critical to the health, safety, and competitiveness of countries globally are the thousands of testing, inspection, certification, and calibration firms that ensure conformity to global standards across industries. In a globalised world, these companies form an integral part of any country’s trade strategy by raising standards and building confidence between trading partners. Domestic demands for safer and higher quality products also require improved assessment mechanisms. These factors, and others, have set the stage for this often shrouded market to deliver consistent growth and opportunities for those with the right knowledge.

Sector & Segment combines deep sector expertise with data-driven insight to provide targeted and actionable reports. Our insight is based in our unique databanks that cover entire ecosystems of companies and customers. Over the past 6 months, we have processed more than 150,000 data points related to more than 2,200 accredited inspection bodies present in 13 Latin American countries.

Leveraging some insights from our analysis[1], this piece focuses on Peru, the fastest growing accredited inspection market in terms of number of accredited inspection firms in Latin America. It examines the reasons behind Peru’s explosive growth and some implications for the broader Latin American market.

Even among the strong growth present in the Latin American accredited inspection industry Peru has shown itself to be exceptional. Between 2012 and 2017 the number of accredited inspection bodies grew at a CAGR of 57%, outpacing all other countries in the region. The source of this growth lies in a series of policies targeted at advancing the protection of the environment initialised in 2013, alongside regulation targeted at rational use of energy, drinkable water, air quality, and  manufacturing quality, among others. The result is that Peru has an abundance of young accredited inspection firms that have been founded to meet these growing regulations.

This growth has not made Peru the Latin American industry leader in any end-user sector. Peru remains the 6^th largest country by total number of accredited inspection bodies. It has, however, become the second largest country in terms of accredited bodies in consumer goods, and the third largest in environment. More importantly, the growth shows exactly how powerful policy can be in stimulating the inspection industry.

Demands for better protections

Within Peru, growth in the accredited inspection industry has spanned several end-user sectors. The strongest growth has been present in consumer goods, but energy, environment, and industrials in Peru have all displayed above average growth for Latin America in those sectors.

The overall accredited inspection growth that has been witnessed in Peru can be tied back to Peru’s overall economic growth. Between 2005 and 2015 Peru’s GDP grew at an average of 5.8%. Strong economic growth has perhaps created two opportunities: the government has had the leeway to increase regulation without fear of overburdening the economy, and citizens have become more demanding when it comes to consumer protections.

This is reflected in the rising number of technical standards being published each year in Peru. In the years following 2012, the number of technical standards published by the government and associated technical bodies have grown almost exponentially. While not all of these technical standards are related to the ISO 17020 accredited inspection market, the trend reveals both the aims and actions taken by the government to boost quality and transparency.

Key Sectors

According to data gathered by Sector & Segment, consumer goods and energy have been the strongest growth area in terms of the number of accredited inspection firms in Peru. Our findings are reflected in government priorities. 16% of all standards published between 2012 and 2017 were related to food, beverage, and clothing manufacturing and a further 10% were related to the manufacture of electrical equipment.

By looking at the committees responsible for the creation of standards, it is also evident why environmental inspection has experienced such strong growth. The technical committees responsible for the rational use of energy and environmental management have been highly active, producing 138 technical standards between 2012 and 2017.

Opportunities remain in Peru

No exponential growth lasts forever but opportunities still remain in Peru. In 2017 new technical standards appear to still be focused at energy, the environment, industrial goods, but also construction. The Peruvian accredited inspection market will have to continue to grow quickly to meet this influx in technical standards.

Although Peru has taken significant steps towards establishing its inspection market, there remains much potential within the country. Based on our analysis of the number of accreditation firms relative to both population and GDP, Peru continues to lag behind the broader Latin American market. This helps to explain the rapid increase in technical norms and standards which seek to level the playing field.

A model to emulate in other developing countries?

The growth evidenced by Peru also offers some insights into the future of the inspection market in Latin America. Environmental inspection has been long neglected but policies such as those enacted in Peru could generate further opportunities in their respective countries. Only six Latin American countries currently have any accredited environmental inspection bodies and only three of those countries have more than five bodies in total.

Furthermore, in Latin America there are several other countries with broadly undeveloped accredited inspection markets. Should those governments opt to follow Peru’s example with stronger consumer protections and industry standards there could be future booms in accredited inspection.

Understanding the factors that shape the market of ISO 17020 accredited firms and how opportunities emerge.

Critical to the health, safety, and competitiveness of countries globally are the thousands of testing, inspection, certification, and calibration firms that ensure conformity to global standards across industries. In a globalised world, these companies form an integral part of any country’s trade strategy by raising standards and building confidence between trading partners. Domestic demands for safer and higher quality products also require improved assessment mechanisms. These factors, and others, have set the stage for this often shrouded market to deliver consistent growth and opportunities for those with the right knowledge.

Sector & Segment combines deep sector expertise with data-driven insight to provide targeted and actionable reports. Our insight is based in our unique databanks that cover entire ecosystems of companies and customers. Over the past 6 months, we have processed more than 150,000 data points related to more than 2,200 accredited inspection bodies present in 13 Latin American countries.

Leveraging some insights from our analysis¹, this piece focuses on the factors shaping the ISO 17020 inspection market in Latin America from politics, to geography, to trade relations. Grounded in our primary research, it highlights trends shaping the market as well as emerging opportunities.

The inspection market in Latin America varies widely across both countries and end-user sectors. Though broadly connected to a country’s trade relations and state of economic development, the inspection market is shaped by myriad other factors such as domestic politics, policies, geography and competitive advantages. In examining the more than 2,200 accredited inspection bodies that make up the Latin American inspection market, Sector & Segment has been able to identify those factors that unify the market, as well as those which make each country unique.

External Growth Drivers

In many cases, the development of a country’s ISO 17020 accredited inspection market is linked to their historical export strategy. A well-established inspection market can reduce trade barriers by acknowledging and conforming to a global set of standards. 

Mexico’s inspection market clearly reflects this; it is host to the largest number of inspection firms in Latin America. In order to capitalise on the benefits of NAFTA, Mexico has aligned itself with U.S. and Canadian standards which are often based in mutually accepted testing, inspection, and certification. Even if NAFTA should begin to fray, a well-established inspection market would ensure its goods are regarded as high quality among other countries. 

What is Inspection?

Inspection refers to the predominantly private market of firms that assess conformity to defined or general requirements. These firms can assess products, processes, installations, and services. In doing so they confirm quality, safety, or functionality.

Inspection also includes national and transnational organisations which set standards and accredit these private firms to perform conformity assessments.

The complexity of goods traded also plays a role. Mexico largest export categories are machines (such as electronics and household appliances) and transportation (including cars and trucks). These highly technical categories face scrutiny from a variety of actors including governmental industry bodies, insurance firms, and companies seeking to protect their reputation. Inspections performed by ISO 17020 accredited bodies ensure traceability to international standards.

In contrast, Brazil’s largest exports are vegetable and mineral products. While there are undoubtedly standards when it comes to those products, they do not require the technical precision of cars, Mexico’s top export product. 

An established inspection market also creates the opportunity to increase trade with countries that maintain higher regulatory standards. This is evident when comparing Chile and Argentina. Although the two countries both exported approximately $70bn worth of goods in 2016, Chile, which has an established inspection market, exported almost twice as much to the United States.

Internal Growth Drivers

While Latin American countries seeking to boost trade face many of the same external pressures, the local context is equally, if not more important when seeking to understand the present and future of an inspection market. The political impetus to liberalise an economy, for example, is closely tied to the health of its ISO 17020 accredited inspection market. This may be a key factor in Argentina’s historically weak accredited inspection market, as well as the reason for its recent growth. In recent years, Argentina has shown a spike in accredited inspection firms in the industrials sector.

In contrast, Colombia has had a series of liberal governments that have pushed for a more liberalised economy. This includes internal pressures for higher standards in domestically consumed products, services, installations, and processes. The result is that Colombia has the second largest number of accredited inspection bodies in Latin America. Much of this market is concentrated in the transportation and automotive sector which represents only 2% of Colombia’s exports. The health of Colombia’s inspection market in an end-user sector that is not export-driven reveals the importance of internal pressures.

Policies raising domestic standards can have an outsized impact on the inspection market. Domestic demands for greater environmental protection, for example, can lead to the emergence of environmental policies founded on inspections that assess conformity to environmental standards. This can lead to not only higher environmental inspection requirements, but also higher inspection requirements in the associated end-user sectors. As such, inspection industries can emerge overnight to accommodate these changing contexts.

In the interest of protecting the environment, Peru enacted a series of environmental policies in 2016 targeted at the energy and industrial sectors. This led to spikes in growth of inspection firms in the environmental, energy, and industrial sectors. In the last two years the number of inspection firms in Peru concerned with environmental inspections has doubled  and number of firms in concerned with either energy or industrial inspections rose by over 80%.

Health of a ISO 17020 Market

While external factors can play an important role in the development of an accredited inspection market it is ultimately internal factors that have the most impact on the health of the market. Establishing and developing such a market typically requires political will and targeted policy aimed at increasing exports, liberalising the market, or enacting higher standards. 

These internal pressures will continue to intensify as the countries grow wealthier and citizens demand higher environmental and safety standards. The example of Peru in particular is likely to be replicated by other countries experiencing the negative impacts of either negligent firms or climate change. The data gathered by Sector & Segment reveals not only that the number of accredited bodies in Latin America is growing as a whole, but that capturing the opportunities in any one market requires precise data and sector expertise.